{"id":5502,"date":"2026-10-05T22:26:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T20:26:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eu.klytic.com\/?page_id=5502"},"modified":"2026-10-07T15:34:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T13:34:29","slug":"cloud-sovran-definizzjoni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eu.klytic.com\/mt\/cloud-sovran-definizzjoni\/","title":{"rendered":"Cloud sovran: definizzjoni, kriterji u limiti"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Pa\u0121na ewlenija<\/a>\u203a<\/span>Gwidi<\/a>\u203a<\/span>Sovranit\u00e0<\/a><\/p>

Sovranit\u00e0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cloud sovran: definizzjoni, kriterji u limiti<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Cloud sovran, f\u2019fajl tax-xiri, huwa servizz li l-operatur tas-servizz, il-li\u0121i applikabbli u l-a\u010b\u010bessi amministrattivi tieg\u0127u huma mag\u0127rufa, u li d-data tieg\u0127u tista\u2019 tittie\u0127ed lura. Id-definizzjoni tal-marketing tvarja. Il-kriterji, min-na\u0127a l-o\u0127ra, jistg\u0127u jitqieg\u0127du f\u2019lista ta\u2019 evalwazzjoni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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A\u0121\u0121ornat Ottubru 2026<\/b><\/span>7 min<\/b> qari<\/span>Sorsi uffi\u010bjali \u010b\u010bitati<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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G\u0127aliex lista ta\u2019 evalwazzjoni u mhux tikketta<\/h2>

Li tikteb \u201ccloud sovran\u201d f\u2019sej\u0127a g\u0127all-offerti huwa daqs li tag\u0127mel mistoqsija li kull kandidat iwie\u0121eb iva g\u0127aliha. It-twe\u0121ibiet isiru impossibbli biex jitqabblu, u l-g\u0127a\u017cla ssir fuq il-prezz jew fuq l-impressjoni li \u0127alliet il-pre\u017centazzjoni.<\/p>

Lista ta\u2019 evalwazzjoni \u0121\u0121ieg\u0127el lil kull kandidat iwie\u0121eb g\u0127all-istess mistoqsija, b\u2019dokument. Tipprote\u0121i wkoll lix-xerrej wara l-iffirmar: impenn miktub fit-twe\u0121iba g\u0127as-sej\u0127a g\u0127all-offerti jista\u2019 jidda\u0127\u0127al fil-kuntratt, filwaqt li a\u0121\u0121ettiv ma jistax ji\u0121i kkontrollat. Il-kun\u010bett innifsu huwa spjegat f\u2019x\u2019inhu cloud sovran<\/a>. Din il-pa\u0121na sservi g\u0127ax-xiri.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Definizzjoni li tista\u2019 tintu\u017ca<\/h2>

\u017bomm din.<\/p>

Servizz di\u0121itali ji\u0121i ttrattat b\u0127ala sovran, g\u0127al xerrej Ewropew, meta l-kumpanija li topera s-servizz taqa\u2019 ta\u0127t li\u0121i Ewropea, meta d-data fdata u l-backups tag\u0127ha jibqg\u0127u fil-perimetru \u0121eografiku ddikjarat, meta l-a\u010b\u010bessi operattivi huma identifikati, u meta l-klijent ikun jista\u2019 jesporta d-data tieg\u0127u u mbag\u0127ad i\u0121ieg\u0127elha tit\u0127assar.<\/p><\/blockquote>

Din is-sentenza hija g\u0127odda tax-xog\u0127ol. Mhijiex artikolu tal-GDPR (Regolament \u0120enerali dwar il-Protezzjoni tad-Data). Ir-regolament jiddefinixxi rwoli (kontrollur, pro\u010bessur), trasferimenti u drittijiet tal-persuni. Ma jag\u0127tix tikketta \u201csovran\u201d.<\/p>

Kull parti tas-sentenza tirreferi g\u0127al wie\u0127ed jew aktar mill-kriterji hawn ta\u0127t. Dan huwa li jag\u0127milha tista\u2019 tintu\u017ca: tista\u2019 taqsamha f\u2019mistoqsijiet u tag\u0127ti marka lit-twe\u0121ibiet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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G\u0127axar kriterji<\/h2>

Kull kriterju ji\u0121i ppruvat b\u2019dokument, mhux b\u2019a\u0121\u0121ettiv.<\/p>

  1. Kumpanija operatri\u010bi.<\/strong> Isem legali, pajji\u017c tas-sede, u kumpanija omm. Sussidjarja Ewropea ta\u2019 grupp Amerikan tista\u2019 to\u0127ro\u0121 fatturi f\u2019euro u fl-istess \u0127in tappartjeni lil grupp so\u0121\u0121ett g\u0127al-li\u0121i Amerikana. Dan huwa l-kriterju li jiddetermina lil min tista\u2019 tindirizza ru\u0127ha awtorit\u00e0 barranija.<\/li>
  2. Li\u0121i tal-kuntratt.<\/strong> Li\u0121i applikabbli u qorti kompetenti. Ivverifika li l-kundizzjonijiet \u0121enerali u l-ftehim dwar l-ippro\u010bessar tad-data jg\u0127idu l-istess \u0127a\u0121a.<\/li>
  3. Perimetru tad-data.<\/strong> Kontenut (emails, fajls), backups, re\u0121istri tekni\u010bi, data tas-sapport. Il-kontenut wa\u0127du mhux bi\u017c\u017cejjed: impenn li jkopri biss il-kaxxi tal-posta j\u0127alli barra l-kopji.<\/li>
  4. Post.<\/strong> Pajji\u017c jew re\u0121jun g\u0127al kull kategorija tal-punt 3. \u201cL-Ewropa\u201d trid ti\u0121i spe\u010bifikata: l-Unjoni Ewropea, l-EFTA, jew pajji\u017c imsemmi.<\/li>
  5. Persuni li jamministraw.<\/strong> Impjegati tal-operatur tas-servizz, sottokuntratturi, servizz on-call barra \u017c-\u017cona. A\u010b\u010bess mill-bog\u0127od, anke temporanju, huwa ppro\u010bessar. Staqsi wkoll jekk dawn l-a\u010b\u010bessi humiex irre\u0121istrati u jekk il-klijent jistax jikkonsulta r-re\u0121istru.<\/li>
  6. \u010awievet tal-kripta\u0121\u0121.<\/strong> Min i\u017commhom, min jista\u2019 ju\u017cahom g\u0127al restawr, min jista\u2019 jg\u0127addihom lil terza parti. Il-mistoqsija mhix \u201cid-data hija kriptata?\u201d, i\u017cda \u201cmin jista\u2019 jiddekriptaha?\u201d.<\/li>
  7. Sottokuntratturi.<\/strong> Lista a\u0121\u0121ornata: antispam, backup, sapport, kejl tal-udjenza, identit\u00e0. Sottokuntrattur so\u0121\u0121ett g\u0127al li\u0121i o\u0127ra jista\u2019 j\u0127assar l-effett tal-kriterju 1.<\/li>
  8. Talbiet minn awtoritajiet.<\/strong> Pro\u010bedura interna meta awtorit\u00e0 titlob data, u l-li\u0121i applikabbli g\u0127al din it-talba. Staqsi jekk il-fornitur jintrabatx li jinforma lill-klijent, safejn il-li\u0121i tippermetti dan.<\/li>
  9. Riversibbilt\u00e0.<\/strong> Formati, skadenza, spi\u017ca, u x\u2019ma jistax ji\u0121i esportat (storja ta\u010b-chat, regoli interni, re\u0121istri). L-aktar \u0127a\u0121a sikura hija li tittestja esportazzjoni qabel tiffirma.<\/li>
  10. Kwalifika eventwali.<\/strong> Jekk ix-xerrej je\u0127tie\u0121 SecNumCloud, l-isem tas-servizz ikkwalifikat irid ikun dak tal-katalgu tal-ANSSI. Offerta ospitata fuq infrastruttura kkwalifikata ma tirtux il-kwalifika. Mill-ver\u017cjoni 3.2 tal-qafas ta\u2019 referenza tag\u0127ha (2022), SecNumCloud tinkludi rekwi\u017citi ta\u2019 protezzjoni fir-rigward ta\u2019 li\u0121ijiet barra l-Ewropa, li jikkon\u010bernaw is-sede, il-kontroll tal-kapital, il-lokalizzazzjoni u l-persunal.<\/li><\/ol>

    Kif tag\u0127ti l-pi\u017c<\/h3>

    L-g\u0127axar kriterji m\u2019g\u0127andhomx l-istess pi\u017c g\u0127ax-xerrejja kollha. G\u0127al servizz tal-email u qsim ta\u2019 fajls, il-kriterji 1, 3, 4, 5 u 9 \u0121eneralment jag\u0127mlu d-differenza bejn l-offerti. Il-kriterju 10 jeskludi meta jkun me\u0127tie\u0121, u huwa newtrali f\u2019ka\u017c ie\u0127or. Idde\u010biedi l-pi\u017cijiet qabel tifta\u0127 it-twe\u0121ibiet, mhux wara.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Il-limiti, mg\u0127oddija b\u2019mod \u010bar<\/h2>

    Il-post ma jiswiex daqs il-li\u0121i.<\/strong> \u010aentru tad-data fi Frankfurt operat minn kumpanija Amerikana jibqa\u2019 servizz ta\u2019 dik il-kumpanija. Il-CLOUD Act Amerikan jolqot id-data mi\u017cmuma minn fornitur so\u0121\u0121ett g\u0127all-\u0121urisdizzjonijiet tal-Istati Uniti, ikun xi jkun il-pajji\u017c tad-diska. Ara kif tipprote\u0121i negozju mill-CLOUD Act<\/a> u t-tqabbil cloud Ewropew jew cloud Amerikan<\/a>.<\/p>

    Il-li\u0121i Ewropea ma tfissirx nuqqas ta\u2019 ordnijiet.<\/strong> Im\u0127allef Fran\u010bi\u017c, \u0120ermani\u017c jew Olandi\u017c jista\u2019 jordna l-i\u017cvelar tad-data lil operatur ta\u0127t il-\u0121urisdizzjoni tieg\u0127u. Id-differenza tinsab fl-im\u0127allef, fil-pro\u010bedura u fil-mezzi ta\u2019 rimedju. Lista li tag\u0127ti x\u2019tifhem il-kuntrarju tqarraq bix-xerrej.<\/p>

    Is-software u l-operatur tas-servizz huma distinti.<\/strong> Nextcloud huwa ppubblikat minn Nextcloud GmbH, fil-\u0120ermanja. Zimbra huwa ppubblikat minn Synacor, fl-Istati Uniti. BlueMind hija kumpanija Fran\u010bi\u017ca. Fit-tliet ka\u017cijiet, is-sovranit\u00e0 tas-servizz tieg\u0127ek<\/em> tiddependi minn min jinstallah, min jag\u0127millu l-backup u min iwie\u0121eb it-telefon. In-nazzjonalit\u00e0 tal-manifattur tas-software tg\u0127odd l-aktar jekk ikollu a\u010b\u010bess g\u0127ad-data: f\u2019dak il-ka\u017c ti\u0121i ttrattata ta\u0127t il-kriterju 7.<\/p>

    SecNumCloud hija dejqa.<\/strong> Hija kwalifika tal-ANSSI, offerta b\u2019offerta, b\u2019perimetru u data ta\u2019 skadenza. Spiss tkun me\u0127tie\u0121a g\u0127al data sensittiva tal-Istat. Hija sproporzjonata b\u0127ala l-uniku kriterju g\u0127al SMEs li qed ifittxu servizz tal-email u qsim ta\u2019 fajls. Hija insuffi\u010bjenti jekk ti\u0121i invokata ming\u0127ajr ma tinqara d-de\u010bi\u017cjoni.<\/p>

    L-ebda offerta ma tkopri l-u\u017ci kollha ta\u2019 Microsoft 365.<\/strong> Excel avvanzat, Power BI, l-ekosistema ta\u2019 Teams u l-add-ins spe\u010bjalizzati m\u2019g\u0127andhomx ekwivalenti \u0121enerali g\u0127and l-operaturi Ewropej. Il-kriterju sovran ma jsolvix dan il-punt. Ji\u017cdied mieg\u0127u. Jekk dawn l-u\u017ci huma \u010bentrali, il-lista tista\u2019 twassal biex i\u017c\u017comm Microsoft 365 b\u2019g\u0127arfien s\u0127i\u0127 tal-fatti: ara Microsoft 365 kontra soluzzjoni sovrana<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Kif tiktbu fi spe\u010bifikazzjonijiet tekni\u010bi<\/h2>

    Ibdel \u201ccloud sovran\u201d bl-g\u0127axar kriterji, kull wie\u0127ed bil-prova mistennija. Imbag\u0127ad tkun tista\u2019 tqabbel offerta ta\u2019 Microsoft bil-konfini Ewropea tad-data, offerta ta\u2019 Google b\u2019re\u0121jun tad-data, offerta Svizzera b\u0127al Infomaniak, u offerta operata fi Franza. It-tqabbil isir qari ta\u2019 provi, mhux battalja ta\u2019 a\u0121\u0121ettivi.<\/p>

    Kriterju<\/th>Mistoqsija lill-kandidat<\/th>Dokument mistenni<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    1. Kumpanija operatri\u010bi<\/td>Liema kumpanija topera s-servizz, u min jikkontrollaha?<\/td>Estratt mir-re\u0121istru tal-kumpaniji, organigramma tal-grupp<\/td><\/tr>
    2. Li\u0121i tal-kuntratt<\/td>Liema li\u0121i, liema qorti?<\/td>Klaw\u017cola tal-kundizzjonijiet \u0121enerali u tal-ftehim dwar l-ippro\u010bessar<\/td><\/tr>
    3 u 4. Perimetru u post<\/td>Liema kategoriji ta\u2019 data, f\u2019liema pajji\u017ci?<\/td>Tabella g\u0127al kull kategorija: kontenut, backups, re\u0121istri, sapport<\/td><\/tr>
    5. Amministrazzjoni<\/td>Min jamministra, minn fejn, b\u2019liema re\u0121istru?<\/td>Deskrizzjoni tat-timijiet u tar-re\u0121istrazzjoni<\/td><\/tr>
    6. \u010awievet<\/td>Min jista\u2019 jiddekripta, u f\u2019liema ka\u017cijiet?<\/td>Deskrizzjoni tal-iskema tal-kripta\u0121\u0121<\/td><\/tr>
    7. Sottokuntratturi<\/td>Min jir\u010bievi kopja jew a\u010b\u010bess?<\/td>Lista b\u2019isimhom flimkien mal-pajji\u017c<\/td><\/tr>
    8. Awtoritajiet<\/td>X\u2019tag\u0127mlu meta tir\u010bievu talba?<\/td>Pro\u010bedura bil-miktub<\/td><\/tr>
    9. Riversibbilt\u00e0<\/td>Kif nie\u0127du lura kollox, u f\u2019kemm \u017cmien?<\/td>Pro\u010bedura ta\u2019 esportazzjoni, formati, test<\/td><\/tr>
    10. Kwalifika<\/td>L-offerta proposta hija kkwalifikata?<\/td>Referenza g\u0127all-katalgu tal-ANSSI, jekk me\u0127tie\u0121a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>

    Id-dettall tal-kriterju \u0121eografiku wa\u0127du huwa ttrattat f\u2019X\u2019tfisser verament \u201cdata ospitata fl-Ewropa\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    E\u017cempju: intrapri\u017ca tas-servizzi ta\u2019 daqs medju li to\u0127ro\u0121 sej\u0127a g\u0127all-offerti<\/h2>

    Ka\u017c ipotetiku. Intrapri\u017ca tas-servizzi ta\u2019 daqs medju qed i\u0121\u0121edded is-servizz tal-email u l-qsim tal-fajls tag\u0127ha. L-ewwel ver\u017cjoni tal-ispe\u010bifikazzjonijiet titlob \u201csoluzzjoni ta\u2019 cloud sovran ospitata fl-Ewropa\u201d. It-tliet kandidati jwie\u0121bu iva.<\/p>

    Id-dipartiment tal-IT jer\u0121a\u2019 jikteb is-sej\u0127a g\u0127all-offerti bil-lista ta\u2019 evalwazzjoni. It-twe\u0121ibiet isiru jinqraw. L-ewwel kandidat jospita fl-Ewropa i\u017cda jappartjeni lil grupp so\u0121\u0121ett g\u0127al-li\u0121i Amerikana: il-kriterju 1 mhux sodisfatt, il-kriterji 3 u 4 iddokumentati tajjeb. It-tieni hija kumpanija Ewropea, i\u017cda tafda s-sapport bil-lejl lil sottokuntrattur barra \u017c-\u017cona: il-kriterju 5 irid ji\u0121i nnegozjat. It-tielet jissodisfa l-kriterji legali i\u017cda ma jkoprix u\u017cu spe\u010bifiku tan-negozju: il-mani\u0121ment irid jidde\u010biedi. Il-lista ma g\u0127a\u017clitx minflok in-negozju. G\u0127amlet l-g\u0127a\u017cla espli\u010bita.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    L-i\u017cbalji komuni<\/h2>